The traditional millwright was the forerunner of today’s mechanical engineer with multi-disciplines. He also had to combine civil engineering skills such as assessing the levels and flow rates for water supply to power waterwheels and turbines.
He had skills in carpentry with intimate knowledge of the strengths and properties of the wood he used for different components.
Traditionally, oak was used for timber-framed buildings, including the main components of post and smock windmills. Imported Baltic softwood was used increasingly in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire for making sail frames, flooring beams and boarding during the 18th and 19th centuries. Elm was a favourite for gear wheel rims that carried wooden cogs usually shaped from Hornbeam, Apple and other fruit woods.The millwright would be capable of working out gear ratios and making and assembling gear wheels and shafting. Increasingly during the 19th century cast iron was used for these components with finer pitch for the teeth.
Routine maintenance including stone dressing, repairs and replacing of machinery components and external painting of mills were also a mainstay of their income.
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